Read Scoliosis Symptoms. See Clinical Symptoms of Bone Spurs. See Vertebral Fracture Symptoms. See Kyphosis Causes and Treatment. Thoracic vertebrae can become painful in other ways, such as from infection or other forms of arthritis. You are here Conditions Upper Back Pain. Thoracic Vertebrae and the Rib Cage share pin it Newsletters. Thus, the cartilage of rib 10 attaches to the cartilage of rib 9, rib 9 then attaches to rib 8, and rib 8 is attached to rib 7.
The last two false ribs 11—12 are also called floating ribs vertebral ribs. These are short ribs that do not attach to the sternum at all. Instead, their small costal cartilages terminate within the musculature of the lateral abdominal wall. It is composed of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae. The sternum consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.
The manubrium and body are joined at the sternal angle, which is also the site for attachment of the second ribs.
Ribs are flattened, curved bones and are numbered 1— Posteriorly, the head of the rib articulates with the costal facets located on the bodies of thoracic vertebrae and the rib tubercle articulates with the facet located on the vertebral transverse process. The angle of the ribs forms the most posterior portion of the thoracic cage.
The costal groove in the inferior margin of each rib carries blood vessels and a nerve. Anteriorly, each rib ends in a costal cartilage. True ribs 1—7 attach directly to the sternum via their costal cartilage.
The false ribs 8—12 either attach to the sternum indirectly or not at all. Ribs 8—10 have their costal cartilages attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib. The floating ribs 11—12 are short and do not attach to the sternum or to another rib. The thoracic cage is formed by the 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum.
The ribs are attached posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae and most are anchored anteriorly either directly or indirectly to the sternum. The thoracic cage functions to protect the heart and lungs. The manubrium forms the expanded, superior end of the sternum. It has a jugular suprasternal notch, a pair of clavicular notches for articulation with the clavicles, and receives the costal cartilage of the first rib. The manubrium is joined to the body of the sternum at the sternal angle, which is also the site for attachment of the second rib costal cartilages.
The body receives the costal cartilage attachments for ribs 3—7. The small xiphoid process forms the inferior tip of the sternum. A typical rib is a flattened, curved bone. The head of a rib is attached posteriorly to the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae. The rib tubercle articulates with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra. The angle is the area of greatest rib curvature and forms the largest portion of the thoracic cage.
The body shaft of a rib extends anteriorly and terminates at the attachment to its costal cartilage. The shallow costal groove runs along the inferior margin of a rib and carries blood vessels and a nerve. Ribs are classified based on if and how their costal cartilages attach to the sternum. There is one last component of the axial skeleton we did not cover last lab: the thoracic cage, also called the rib cage.
The thoracic cage surrounds and protects the heart and lungs in the thoracic cavity. It consists of the ribs, the sternum, and the thoracic vertebrae, to which the ribs articulate. There are twelve pairs of ribs. The number is the same in both males and females. Each pair articulates with a different thoracic vertebra on the posterior side of the body.
The most superior rib is designated rib 1 and it articulates with the T1 thoracic vertebrae. The rib below that is rib 2, and it connects to the T2 thoracic vertebra, and so on. Ten of the twelve ribs connect to strips of hyaline cartilage on the anterior side of the body. On an individual rib, one end has various processes, facets, and bumps. This is the end that articulates with the vertebra.
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