It can also develop gradually, such as when a poorly managed disease attacks the meninges. Some risk factors for noninfectious meningitis include:. Learn about the meningitis vaccines here. The ways a person can get meningitis depend on what has caused it. Causes include bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, amebas, trauma, and medications. Infants can also get bacterial meningitis during childbirth. To protect themselves, people can try to keep up to date with vaccinations, be aware of potential sources of contamination in their immediate environment, and discuss risks and testing with a doctor.
People with stiff necks, severe headaches, changes in their thoughts or moods, and other serious symptoms should seek immediate medical care if they believe that they are at risk of getting meningitis. Receiving early treatment can reduce the risk of dying and may help prevent long-term complications.
In its later stages, meningitis can cause distinct marks on the skin that look like a rash. In this article, we look at the symptoms of meningitis and…. In the past, a brain abscess was almost certainly fatal, but thanks to progress in diagnosis and treatment, a person now has a good chance of survival….
Meningococcemia is a serious blood infection that causes a rash and other symptoms. Doctors can help prevent severe complications, including death…. Viruses exist almost everywhere, and they can infect any living organism. Here, learn more about viruses, how they work, and how to get protection.
How does a person get meningitis? Medically reviewed by Cameron White, M. Transmission Prevention Summary Meningitis refers to swelling and inflammation of the meninges, which make up a protective layer of membranes covering the brain. Latest news Scientists identify new cause of vascular injury in type 2 diabetes.
Adolescent depression: Could school screening help? Related Coverage. Brain abscess: All you need to know. Show references Meningitis and encephalitis fact sheet. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Accessed Sept. Bacterial meningitis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Bartt R. Acute bacterial and viral meningitis. Continuum Lifelong Learning in Neurology. Viral meningitis. Fungal meningitis. Derber CJ, et al. Head and neck emergencies: Bacterial meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess, upper airway obstruction, and jugular septic thrombophlebitis.
Medical Clinics of North America. Longo DL, et al. Acute meningitis. In: Harrison's Principals of Internal Medicine. McGraw Hill; Acute bacterial meningitis.
Merck Manual Professional Version. Prevention — Listeriosis. Subacute and chronic meningitis. Van de Beek D, et al. Advances in treatment of bacterial meningitis. The Lancet. Recommended immunization schedules for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger, United States, Recommended adult immunization schedule for adults aged 19 or older, United States, Meningococcal vaccination: What everyone should know.
Sexton D. Approach to the patient with chronic meningitis. Tunkel A. Aseptic meningitis in adults. Di Pentima C. Viral meningitis: Management, prognosis, and prevention in children. Meningitis is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Several different viruses and bacteria can cause meningitis, including: meningococcal bacteria — there are several different types, called A, B, C, W, X, Y and Z pneumococcal bacteria Haemophilus influenzae type b Hib bacteria enteroviruses — viruses that usually only cause a mild stomach infection the mumps virus the herpes simplex virus — a virus that usually causes cold sores or genital herpes A number of meningitis vaccinations provide protection against many of the infections that can cause meningitis.
How meningitis is spread The viruses and bacteria that cause meningitis can be spread through: sneezing coughing kissing The infection is usually spread by people who carry these viruses or bacteria in their nose or throat, but are not ill themselves. It's possible to get meningitis more than once.
Who's most at risk?
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